Birth weight and blood pressure in first-grade elementary school students: A preliminary study
Keywords:
fetal programming, hypertension, birth weight, blood pressure
Abstract
Background Fetal programming theory reveals that low birthweight is associated with higher risks of hypertension and cardio-
vascular diseases in the adulthood.
Objective To study the difference in blood pressure among first-
grade students of different birth weight groups.
Methods A cross-sectional study was performed. Blood pressure
of 214 healthy first-grade elementary school students (102 males
and 112 females) in Bunaken Subdistrict, Manado, Indonesia, was
measured using a standard sphygmomanometer with appropriate
cuff for arm size. Two readings were taken. Parents were asked to
complete a questionnaire concerning the information on birth weight
and length and confirmed by retrieving the record on a growth
chart and/or a maternal-child health book. The subjects were di-
vided into 6 groups according to their birth weight. The differences
in blood pressure values between birth weight groups were exam-
ined by ANOVA.
Results Systolic blood pressures were significantly higher in the
<2500 g birth weight group (100.73+9.99 mmHg vs. 93.70+8.29
mmHg) and in the 2500-<3000 g birth weight group compared to
those of the 3500-<4000 g one (99.56+9.14 mmHg vs. 93.70+8.29
mmHg) with a P of 0.048 and 0.014, respectively. There was no
difference between diastolic blood pressure and birth weight.
Conclusion Our study showed that the lower birth weight group
tends to have a higher systolic blood pressure than that of children
with normal birth weight
References
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Br Med J 1989;298:564-7.
2. Law CM, de Swiet M, Osmond C, Fayers PM, Barker
DJP, Crudas AM, et al. Initiation of hypertension in
utero and its amplification throughout life. Br Med J
1993;306:24-8.
3. Law CM, Shiell AW. Is blood pressure inversely re-
lated to birth weight?: The strength of evidence from
a systematic review of the literature. J Hypertens
1996;14:935-42.
4. Huxley RR, Shiel AW, Law CM. The role of size at
birth and post-natal catch-up growth in determining
systolic blood pressure: A systemic review of the lit-
erature. J Hypertens 2000;18:815-31.
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health. Publ Health Nutr 2001;4:611-24.
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of fetal life alters biology for a lifetime. Neo Rev
2000;1:126-31.
7. Law CM, Egger P, Dada O, Delgrado H, Kylberg E,
Lavin P, et al. Body size at birth and blood pressure
among children in developing countries. Int J Epidemiol
2000;29:52-9.
8. Woelk G, Emanuel I, Weiss NS, Psaty BM. Birth weight
and blood pressure among children in Harare, Zimba-
bwe. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 1998;79:F119-
22.
9. Loos RJF, Fagard R, Beunen G, Derom C, Vlietinck R.
Birth weight and blood pressure in young adults: A
prospective twin study. Circulation 2001;104:1633-8.
10. Huxley RR, Neil A, Collins R. Unraveling the fetal
origins hypothesis: Is there really an inverse associa-
tion between birth weight and subsequent blood pres-
sure? Lancet 2002;360:659-65.
11. Launer LJ, Hofman A, Grobbee DE. Relation between
birth weight and blood pressure: Longitudinal study of
infants and children. Br Med J 1993;307:1451-4.
12. Lurbe E, Torro I, Rodriguez C, Alvarez V, Redon J. Birth
weight influences blood pressure values and variabil-
ity in children and adolescents. Hypertension 2001;
38:389-93.
13. Falkner B, Hulman S, Kushner H. Effect of birth weight
on blood pressure and body size in early adolescence.
Hypertension 2004;43:203-7.
14. Fuentes RM, Notkola IL, Shemeikka S, Tuomilehto J,
Nissinen. A tracking of systolic blood pressure during
childhood: A 15-year follow-up population-based family
study in eastern Finland. J Hypertens 2002;20:195-202.
15. Barros FC, Victora CG. Increased blood pressure in
adolescents who were small for gestational age at birth:
A cohort study in Brazil. Int J Epidemiol 1999;28:676-
81.
16. O’Sullivan J, Wright C, Pearce MS. The influence of
age and gender on the relationship between birth
weight and blood pressure in childhood: A study using
24-hour and casual blood pressure. Eur J Pediatr
2002;161:423-7.
17. Lawlor DA, Ebrahim S, Smith GD. Is there a sex dif-
ference in the association between birth weight and
systolic blood pressure in later life? Findings from a
meta-regression analysis. Am J Epidemiol 2002;156:-
1100-4.
18. Tulassay T, Vasarhelyi B. Birth weight and renal func-
tion. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2002;11:347-
52.
19. Law CM, Shiell AW, Newsome CA, Syddal HE,
Shinebourne EA, Fayers PM, et al. Fetal, infant, and
childhood growth and adult blood pressure: A lon-
gitudinal study from birth to 22 years of age. Circu-
lation 2002;105:1088-92.
M. Growth in utero, blood pressure in childhood and
adult life, and mortality from cardiovascular disease.
Br Med J 1989;298:564-7.
2. Law CM, de Swiet M, Osmond C, Fayers PM, Barker
DJP, Crudas AM, et al. Initiation of hypertension in
utero and its amplification throughout life. Br Med J
1993;306:24-8.
3. Law CM, Shiell AW. Is blood pressure inversely re-
lated to birth weight?: The strength of evidence from
a systematic review of the literature. J Hypertens
1996;14:935-42.
4. Huxley RR, Shiel AW, Law CM. The role of size at
birth and post-natal catch-up growth in determining
systolic blood pressure: A systemic review of the lit-
erature. J Hypertens 2000;18:815-31.
5. Godfrey KM, Barker DJP. Fetal programming and adult
health. Publ Health Nutr 2001;4:611-24.
6. Nathanielsz PW. Fetal programming: How the quality
of fetal life alters biology for a lifetime. Neo Rev
2000;1:126-31.
7. Law CM, Egger P, Dada O, Delgrado H, Kylberg E,
Lavin P, et al. Body size at birth and blood pressure
among children in developing countries. Int J Epidemiol
2000;29:52-9.
8. Woelk G, Emanuel I, Weiss NS, Psaty BM. Birth weight
and blood pressure among children in Harare, Zimba-
bwe. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 1998;79:F119-
22.
9. Loos RJF, Fagard R, Beunen G, Derom C, Vlietinck R.
Birth weight and blood pressure in young adults: A
prospective twin study. Circulation 2001;104:1633-8.
10. Huxley RR, Neil A, Collins R. Unraveling the fetal
origins hypothesis: Is there really an inverse associa-
tion between birth weight and subsequent blood pres-
sure? Lancet 2002;360:659-65.
11. Launer LJ, Hofman A, Grobbee DE. Relation between
birth weight and blood pressure: Longitudinal study of
infants and children. Br Med J 1993;307:1451-4.
12. Lurbe E, Torro I, Rodriguez C, Alvarez V, Redon J. Birth
weight influences blood pressure values and variabil-
ity in children and adolescents. Hypertension 2001;
38:389-93.
13. Falkner B, Hulman S, Kushner H. Effect of birth weight
on blood pressure and body size in early adolescence.
Hypertension 2004;43:203-7.
14. Fuentes RM, Notkola IL, Shemeikka S, Tuomilehto J,
Nissinen. A tracking of systolic blood pressure during
childhood: A 15-year follow-up population-based family
study in eastern Finland. J Hypertens 2002;20:195-202.
15. Barros FC, Victora CG. Increased blood pressure in
adolescents who were small for gestational age at birth:
A cohort study in Brazil. Int J Epidemiol 1999;28:676-
81.
16. O’Sullivan J, Wright C, Pearce MS. The influence of
age and gender on the relationship between birth
weight and blood pressure in childhood: A study using
24-hour and casual blood pressure. Eur J Pediatr
2002;161:423-7.
17. Lawlor DA, Ebrahim S, Smith GD. Is there a sex dif-
ference in the association between birth weight and
systolic blood pressure in later life? Findings from a
meta-regression analysis. Am J Epidemiol 2002;156:-
1100-4.
18. Tulassay T, Vasarhelyi B. Birth weight and renal func-
tion. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2002;11:347-
52.
19. Law CM, Shiell AW, Newsome CA, Syddal HE,
Shinebourne EA, Fayers PM, et al. Fetal, infant, and
childhood growth and adult blood pressure: A lon-
gitudinal study from birth to 22 years of age. Circu-
lation 2002;105:1088-92.
Published
2016-10-13
How to Cite
1.
Umboh A, Gunawan S. Birth weight and blood pressure in first-grade elementary school students: A preliminary study. PI [Internet]. 13Oct.2016 [cited 3May2024];45(6):251-. Available from: https://www.paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/882
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Received 2016-10-12
Accepted 2016-10-12
Published 2016-10-13
Accepted 2016-10-12
Published 2016-10-13
