Food allergies in children: a comparison of parental reports and skin prick test results

  • Camilia Metadea Aji Savitri Airlangga University
  • Azwin Mengindra Putera Lubis Airlangga University Surabaya, Dr Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya
  • Gatot Soegiarto Airlangga University Surabaya, Dr Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9197-3873
Keywords: food allergy, skin prick test

Abstract

Background Food allergy is common in children and its prevalence is generally on the rise. Imprecise parental reports about reactions to particular foods can lead to unnecessary restrictions. Since children have specific growth requirements, such nutritional restrictions may have disturbing effects on children's growth and development.

Objective To compare parental reports on food reactions to skin prick test results in their children.

Method Retrospective, cross sectional study using patient's medical record data during one-year study period. Data were analyzed manually and statistically, to assess the degree of agreement (Kappa's coefficient) and significance (P).

Results We collected data from 154 subjects aged 0-18 years. For every allergen assessed, parents reported more food reactions than positive skin prick test results. Allergy incidence were caused, in order, by cow's milk and chicken (25.3%), eggs (22.1%), chocolate (20.1%), fruits (14.3%), seafood (13%), and saltwater fish (1.9%). Kappa coefficient are all poor (<0.2) and P value are all >0.05 except for chicken (P=0.02).

Conclusion Most parents tend to overestimate which food cause reactions in their children, as reactions reported were not necessarily allergenic. Therefore, every patient experiencing allergy reactions should undergo skin prick testing to confirm the possibility of allergy.

Author Biographies

Azwin Mengindra Putera Lubis, Airlangga University Surabaya, Dr Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya
staff in Department of Pediatrics Dr Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya
Gatot Soegiarto, Airlangga University Surabaya, Dr Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya

staff in Department of Internal Medicine Dr Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya

References

Sicherer SH, Wood RA, Vickery BP, Jones SM, Liu AH, Fleischer DM, et al. The natural history of egg allergy in an observational cohort. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014;133: 492-9.

Yanagida N, Okada Y, Sato S & Ebisawa M. New approach for food allergy management using low-dose oral food challenges and low-dose oral immunotherapies. Allergol Intl. 2016;65:135-40.

Luyt D, Ball H, Kirk K & Stiefel G. Diagnosis and management of food allergy in children. Paediatr Child Health. 2016;26:287-91.

Kewalramani A & Bollinger ME. The impact of food allergy on asthma. J Asthma Allergy. 2010; 3:65-74.

Kalmarzi R, Ataee P, Homahostar Gh, Tagik M, Ghaderi E & Kooti W. Evaluation of the frequency of food allergens based on skin prick test in children in Kurdistan Province-Iran. Allergol Immunopathol. 2018;46:45-57.

Martorell-Aragonés A, Echeverría-Zudire L, Alonso-Lebrero E, Boné-Calvo J, Martín-Muñoz S, Nevot-Falcó S, et al. Position document : IgE-mediated cow’s milk allergy. Allergol Immunopathol. 2015;43:507-26.

Kattan JD, Cocco RR & Järvinen KM. Milk and soy allergy. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2011; 58:407-26.

Ebert Jr C & Pillsbury HC. Epidemiology of allergy. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 2011; 44:537-548.

Bartuzi Z, Kaczmarski M, Czerwionka-Szaflarska M, Małaczyńska T, Krogulska A. The diagnosis and management of food allergies. Position paper of the Food Allergy Section the Polish Society of Allergology. Adv Dermatol Allergol. 2017;34:391-404.

Sicherer SH. Epidemiology of food allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011;127:594-03.

Liu AH, Jaramillo R, Sicherer SH, Wood RA, Bock SA, Burks AW, et al. National prevalence and risk factors for food allergy and relationship to asthma : results from the National Health and Nutrition examination survey 2005-2006. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2010;126: 798-06.

Jorge A, Soares E, Sarinho E, Lorente F, Gama J & Taborda-Barata J. Prevalence and clinical features of adverse food reactions in Portuguese children. Allergy, Asthma, and Clin Immunol. 2017;13:40.

Ramesh S. Food allergy overview in children. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol. 2008 Apr; 34:217-30.

Ho MHK, Lee SL, Wong WHS, Ip P & Lau YL. Prevalence of self-reported food allergy in Hong Kong children and teens- a population survey. Asian Pac Allergy Immunol. 2012; 30: 275-84.

Marrugo J, Hernández L & Villalba V. Prevalence of self-reported food allergy in Cartagena (Colombia) population. Allergol Immunopathol. 2008;36:320-24.

Akib AAP, Munasir Z & Kurniati N. In : Buku ajar alergi-imunologi anak, edisi kedua. IDAI. 2010. p. 269-83.

Zuidmeer L, Goldhahn K, Rona RJ, Gislason D, Madsen C, Summers C, et al. The prevalence of plant food allergies : a systematic review. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2008; 121:1210-8.

Ramesh M & Lieberman JA. Adult-onset food allergies. Ann Allergy, Asthma, Immunol. 2017;119:111-9.

Bahna SL. Not every seafood “allergy†is allergy!. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2016;117:458-61.

Warren CM, Jhaveri S, Warrier MR, Smith B & Gupta RS. The epidemiology of milk allergy in US children. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2013;110:370-4.

Sicherer SH, Muñoz-Furlong A & Sampson HA. Prevalence of seafood allergy in the United States determined by a random telephone survey. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2004;114:159-65.

Ontiveros N, Valdez-Meza EE, Vergara-Jiménez MJ, Canizalez-Román, Borzutzky A & Cabrera-Chávez F. Parent-reported prevalence of food allergy in Mexican schoolchildren : a population-based study. Allergol Immunopathol. 2016;44:563-70.

Turner P, Ng I, Kemp A & Campbell D. Seafood allergy in children : a descriptive study. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2011;106:494-501.

Moonesinghe H, Mackenzie H, Venter C, Killburn S, Turner P, Weir K, et al. Prevalence of fish and shellfish allergy : a systematic review. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2016;117:264-72.

Connet GJ, Gerez I, Cabrera-Morales AN, Yuenyongviwat A, Ngamphaiboon J, Chatchatee P, et al. A population-based study of fish allergy in the Philippines, Singapore and Thailand. Intl Archive Allergy Immunol. 2012;159:384-90.

Sørensen M, Kuehn A, Mills ENC, Costello CA, Ollert M, Småbrekke L, et al. Cross-reactivity in fish allergy : a double-blind placebo-controlled food challenge trial. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2017;140:1170-2.

Savage J, Sicherer S & Wood R. The natural history of food allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2016;4:196-203.

Hochwallner H, Schulmeister U, Swoboda I, Spitzauer S & Valenta R. Cow’s milk allergy : from allergens to new forms of diagnosis, therapy, and prevention. Methods. 2014;66:22-33.

Khuda SE & Williams KM. Effect of processing on dark chocolate composition : a focus on allergens. Processing and Impact on Active Components in Food. In : Processing and impact on active components in food. 2015. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-404699-3.00080-9.

Khuda SE, Jackson LS, Fu TJ & Williams KM. Effects of processing on the recovery of food allergens from model dark chocolate matrix. Food Chem. 2015;168:580-7.

Liccardi G, Szépfalusi Z, Noschese P, Nentwich I, D’Amato M & D’ Amato G. Allergy to chicken meat without sensitization to egg proteins : a case report. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1997;100:577-9.

Hemmer W, Klug C & Swoboda I. Update on the bird-egg syndrome and genuine poultry meat allergy. Allergo J Intl. 2016;25:68-75.

Caubet JC & Wang J. Current understanding of egg allergy. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2011;58:427-43.

Dhanapala P, De Silva C, Doran T & Suphioglu C. Cracking the egg : an insight to egg hypersensitivity. Mol Immunol. 2015;66:375-83.

Leonard AS, Caubet JC, Kim JS, Groetch M & Nowak-Wegryzn A. Baked milk and egg containing diet in the management of egg and milk allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2015;3:13-23.

Sicherer SH, Wood RA, Vickery BP, Jones SM, Liu AH, Fleischer DM, et al. The natural history of egg allergy in an observational cohort. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014;133:492-9.

Published
2018-04-30
How to Cite
1.
Savitri C, Lubis AM, Soegiarto G. Food allergies in children: a comparison of parental reports and skin prick test results. PI [Internet]. 30Apr.2018 [cited 29Mar.2024];58(2):59-5. Available from: https://www.paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/1727
Section
Articles
Received 2017-12-14
Accepted 2018-03-26
Published 2018-04-30