Gastrointestinal Aspects of Malnutrition in Children
Keywords:
malnutrition; hygiene; nutrition; diarrheal diseases
Abstract
Throughout history mankind has suffered many scourges. In many parts of the world improvements in living standards, hygiene, nutrition, medical care and preventive public health programmes have made many of these infectious , diseases things of the past. However, in the so called "developing" countries, diarrhoeal diseases of infancy and childhood are still major problems which cause many millions of deaths each year (Mata, 1985).
References
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3. BERRY, R.J.; BETTELHEIM, K.A.; GRACEY, M.: Studies on enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli isolated from persons without diarrhoea in Western Australia. J. Hyg. (Camb.) 90: 99-106 (1983).
4. BISHOP, R.F.; DAVIDSON, G.P.; HOLMES, I.H.; RUCK, B.J.: Virus particles in epithelial cells of duodenal mucosa from children with acute non-bacterial gastroenteritis. Lancet ii: 1281-1283 (1973).
5. BISHOP, R.F.; DAVIDSON, G.P.; HOLMES, I. H.; RUCK, B.J .: Detection of a new virus by electron microscopy of faecal extracts from children with acute gastroenteritis. Lancet ii: 149-151 (1974).
6. BLACKLOW, N.R.; CUKOR, G.: Viral gastroenteritis. New Engl. J . Med. 304: 397-406 (1981).
7. BLACKLOW, N.R.; DOLIN, R.; FEDSON, D.S.; DU PONT, H.L.; NORTHRUP, R.S.; HORNICK, R.B.; CHANOCK, R.M.: Acute infectious non-bacterial gastroenteritis: etiology and pathogeneses. Ann. Intern. Med. 76: 993-1008 (1972).
8. BLAKE, P.A.; WEAVER, R.E.; HOLLIS, D.G.: Diseases of humans (other than cholera) caused by Vibrios. Ann. Rev. Microbiol. 34: 341-367 (1980).
9. BLASER, M.J.; GLASS, R.I.; HUQ, M.I.; STOLL, B.; KIBRIYA, G.M.; ALIM ARMA: Isolation of Campylobacter fetus subsp. Jejuni from Bangladeshi children. J. Clin. Micro bioi. 12: 744-747 (1980a).
10. BLASER, M.J.; LA FORCE, F.M.; WILSON, N.A.; WANG, W.L.L.: Reservoirs for human campy1obacteriosis. J. Infect. Dis. 141: 665-669 (1980b).
11. BLASER, M.J.; WELLS, J.G.; FELDMAN, R.A.; POLLARD, P.A.; ALLEN, J.R.: Campylobacter enteritis in the United States. Ann. Intern. Med. 98: 360-365 (1983).
12. BOWIE, M.D.; BRINKMAN, G.L.; HANSEN, J.D.L.: Acquired disaccharide intolerance in malnutrition. J. Pediatr. 66: 1083-1091 (1965).
13. BRANDT, C.D.; KIM, H.W.; RODRIQUEZ, W.J.: ARROBIO, J.O.; JEFFRIES, B.C.; STALLINGS, E.P.; LEWIS, C.; MILES, A.J.; CHANOCK, R.M.; KAPIKIAN, A.Z.; PARROTS, R.H.: Pediatric viral gastroenteritis during eight years of study. J. Clin. Microbiol. 18: 71-78 (1983).
14. BRUNSER, 0.; CASTILLO, C.; ARAYA, M.: Fine structure of the small intestinal mucosa ininfantile marasmic malnutrition. Gastroenterology 70: 495-507 (1976).
15. BRUNSER, 0.; FIGUEROA, G.; ARAYA, M.; ESPINOZA, J.: Infectious and diarrheal disease. In: P.L. White and N. Selvey, eds. Malnutrition: Determinatns and Consequences. Alan R. Liss, New York, (1984).
16. BURKE, V.; GRACEY, M.: Aeromonas species in human diarrhoeal disease, J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 1: 237-249 (1986).
17. BURKE, V.; GRACEY, M.; ROBINSON, J.; PECK, D.; BEAMAN, J.; BUNDELL, C.: The microbiology of childhood gastroenteritis: Aeromonas species and other infective agents. J. Infect. Dis. 148: 68-74 (1983).
18. BURKE, V.; ROBINSON, J.; GRACEY, M.: Biotyping as a method of screening for enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. Pathology 19: 80-83, (1987).
19. BURKE, V.; ROBINSON, J.; GRACEY, M.; PETERSON, D.; PARTRIDGE, K.: Isolation of Aeromonas hydrophila from a metropolitan water supply and correlation with clinical iso- · lates. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 48: 361-366 (1984).
20. CARPENTER, C.C.J.: Clinical and pathophysiological features of diarrhea caused by Vibrio cholerae and Escherivhia coli. In: M. Field, J .S. Fordtran and S.G. Schultz eds. Secretory Diarrhea. American Physiological Society, Bethseda, Maryland, (1980).
21. COOK, G.C.: Aetiology and pathogenesis of postinfective tropical malabsorption (tropical sprue). Lancet i: 721-723 (1984).
22. CHUNG, M.H.; McGILL, D.B.: Lactase deficiency in Orientals. Gastroenterology 54: 225-226 (1968).
23. CRAMBLETT, H.E.; AZINI, P:: HAYNESS, R.E.: The 'etiology of infectious diarrhea in infancy with special reference to enteropathogenic E. coli. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 176: 80-92 (1971).
24. DAVIDSON, G.P.: Viral Diarrhoea. Clin. Gastroenterol. 15: 39-53 (1986).
25. DAVIDSON, G.P.; BISHOP, R.F.; TOWNLEY, R.R.W.; HOLMES, I.H.; RUCK, B.J.: Importance of a new virus in acute sporadic enteritis in children. Lancet i: 242-246 (1975).
26. DAVIDSON, G.P.; GOODWIN, D.; ROBB, T .A.: Incidence and duration of lactose malabsorptionin children hospitalized with acute enteritis: study in a well-nourished urban population. J. Pediatr. 105: 587-590 (1984).
27. EDITORIAL: Mechanisms in enteropathogenic Escherichia coli diarrhoea. Lancet ii: 1254-1256 (1983).
28. EVANS, D.G.; EVANS, D.J.:. New surfaceassociated heat-labile colonisation factor antigen (CF A/II) produced by enterotoxigenicEscherichia coli of serogroups 06 and 08. Infect. Immun. 21: 638-647 (1978).
29. FREIJ, B.J.: Aeromonas: biology of the organism and diseases in children. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. 3: 164-175 (1984).
30. GRACEY, M.: The contaminated small bowel syndrome: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 32: 234-243 (1979).
31. GRACEY, M.: Pathogenesis of diarrhoea. pp. 15-29 in Diarrhoeal Disease and Malnutrition ed. by M. Gracey. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburg, (1985).
32. GRACEY, M.: Environmental hygiene, undernutrition and diarrhoea. pp. 336-352 in Paediatric Gastoenterology, Second edition, ed. by C.M. Anderson, V. Burke and M. Gracey. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford (1987).
33. GRACEY, M.; BURKE, V.: Sugar-induced diarrhoea in children. Arch. Dis. Child. 48: 331-336 (1973).
34. GRACEY, M; BURKE, V.; ROBINSON, J.: Aeromonas-associated gastroenteritis, Lancet ii: 1304-13-6 (1982).
35. GRACEY, M.; BURKE, V.; ROBINSON J.: Patterns of intestinal infection in Australian Aboriginal children. Ann. Trop. Paediatr. 3: 35-39 (1983).
36. GRACEY, M.; BURKE, V.; ROBINSON, J.; MASTERS, P.L.; STEWART, J.; PEARMEN, J .: Aeromonas spp. in traveller's diarrhoea. Br. Med. J. 289: 658 (1984).
37. GRACEY, M.; CULLITY, G.J.; SUHARJONO; SUNOTO: The stomach in malnutrition. Arch. Dis. Child. 52: 325-327 (1977).
38. GRACEY, M.; OSTERGAARD, P.; ADNAN, S.W.; IVESON, J.B.: Faecal pollution of surface waters in Jakarta. Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 73: 306-308 (1979a).
39. GRACEY, M.; OSTERGAARD, P.; BEAMAN, J.: Oropharyngeal microflora in Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal Australian children. An indicator of enviromental contamination. Med. J. Aust. 2: 212-214 (1979b).
40. GRACEY, M.; STONE, D.E.: Small intestinal microflora in Australian Aboriginal children with chronic diarrhoea. Aust. N .z. J. Med. 3: 215-219 (1972) .
41. GRACEY, M.; STONE, D.E.; SUHARJONO; SUNOTO: Oropharyngeal microflora in malnourished children. Aust. Paediatr. J . 9: 260-262 (1973).
42. GRACEY, M.; SUHARJONO; SUNOTO; STONE, D.E.: Microbial contamination of the gut: another feature of malnutrition. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 26: 1170-1174 ) 1973).
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Gracey M. Gastrointestinal Aspects of Malnutrition in Children. PI [Internet]. 25Jul.2019 [cited 25Apr.2024];28(3-4):85-6. Available from: https://www.paediatricaindonesiana.org/index.php/paediatrica-indonesiana/article/view/2248
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